Smart Port Technology Awareness: A Tri-Stakeholder Comparative Study

Abstract

Smart port technology — encompassing IoT cargo monitoring, AI-assisted berth scheduling, automated terminal tractors, digital twin port management systems, drone-based inspection platforms, and blockchain-enabled cargo documentation — is progressively transforming the operational architecture of major Indonesian ports, most visibly through ongoing Tanjung Priok smart port pilot programs, creating urgent but empirically unassessed maritime workforce competency demands. This study examines smart port technology awareness and institutional preparedness perceptions across the complete stakeholder community of STIP Jakarta — 90 participants comprising all three respondent groups (Cadets, Lecturers, Experts) across all three academic programs (Port and Shipping Management, Deck Nautical, Marine Engineering) — through a mixed-methods triangulated comparative design. Two-way ANOVA on the Smart Port Technology Awareness Index (SPTAI, n=90) reveals significant main effects for both Major (F(2,84)=12.47, p<.001, η²=.229) and Group (F(2,84)=8.63, p<.001, η²=.171) without significant interaction, confirming additive and non-synergistic effects of program and stakeholder position on awareness. PSM records the highest major-level SPTAI mean (M=3.99), DN the lowest (M=3.34). Experts record the highest group-level mean (M=3.83), Cadets the lowest (M=3.51). Perceived Institutional Preparedness (PIP) falls below the moderate threshold across all cells (Grand Mean = 2.95/5.00), with Experts recording the lowest PIP (M=2.75) — a practitioner pessimism finding with direct curriculum reform implications. Qualitative FGD sub-group analysis identifies Tanjung Priok smart port pilot experience and curriculum governance pace as the primary awareness drivers and reform constraints respectively.